ResultsĪ total of 515 (6.6%) participants among 7,853 non-sleep apnea participants and 269 (13.7%) subjects among 1,964 sleep apnea participants had a depression score ≥ 10, they were deemed to have depressive symptoms. We implemented multivariable logistic regression and stratified analyses to assess the correlation between sleep apnea and depressive symptoms. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Sleep apnea was self-reported by the participants using a questionnaire on sleep disorders. This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), wherein the data from 2005 to 2018 of 9,817 individuals were obtained. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep apnea and depressive symptoms in adults in the United States. However, the evidence of its relationship with depression is inconsistent. It is associated with metabolic diseases. Sleep apnea exerts adverse health effects due to inflammation and metabolic disruption.
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